Unit 5

REPORTED SPEECH

We reported what someone said without quotation marks.

… “I work in abank” à He said he worked in a bank.

REPORTING QUESTIONS

We concentrate about reporting the question and not in answering the question.

“Do you like working in teams?” à he asked  if I liked  working in teams

It change: the tense of the verb and we don’t use auxiliary verbs

QUESTIONS WITH QUESTIONS WORD.

We use that question word, but there is no auxiliary verb and the word order is like an affirmative sentence

“Who did you see?” à She asked me who I’d seen

“Where did you go to school?” à He asked me where I’d gone to school.

Unit 4

COMPOUND NOUNS.

Words that can put together to form compound nouns.

…policeman,  bedroom, boyfriend, watertank, wrekingball.

Common compound nouns structures.

Noun + noun (bedroom,watertank)

Noun + verb (rainfall, haircut)

Verb + noun (swimming pool, driving license)

HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE.

Is passive in a meaning

Describes situations where we one someone else to do it for us

… Are you going to get that window replace it?

…We had this sculpture done for the new house.

Have/get + “activitie” +  past participle.

…We need to get/have the lightbulb tightened .

HAVE + person that is going to do it+ do + activity .

 

           

Is used to talk about activities that are perfomed by a specific subject

GET + person that is going to do it + to do + activity.

 

Its meaning is closer to “persuade ( We need to get the teacher to give us a good grade)

Unit 3

“THE” VS “NO ARTICLE”

We use before nouns of wich there is only one (The earth is round)

Before a noun wich has come definite as a result of being mentioned a second time ( We saw the film last night.  It was the film you recommended me)

Before names of seas, rivers, chains of mountains and plural things (The pacific ocean, the andes, the thames)

Before musical instruments  (She plays the piano)

We DON’T use it when we talk abut plural nouns when we talk in general. (dogs are very intelligent animals)

INDIRECT QUESTIONS

We use it when we want to make more polite questions.

Do you know?... can you tell me?... could you tell me?... do you have any idea?.

..For yes/no questions, include  if/whether after the opening frase.

Unit 2 

-- THE ORDER OF ADJECTIVES

Determiner --> opinion --> size --> height/lenght --> shape/weight --> color --> material

... They're fantastic orange leather shoes.
... Her pretty  big gray eyes.

--USED TO

we use it to talk about thing that were true in the past, but not in the present.
 ... I use to play videogames all day!

--  DIDN'T USE TO

we use it to talk about things that weren't true in the past, but probably true in the present.
....I didn't use to work full time

-- SO/TO -- EITHER/NEITHER

to express similarity or to show that we agree with the other person's opinion on something.
... I love  chocolate -( Me too, so do I, I do too)
...I don't like onion- ( Me neither, neither do I, I don't either)



~STRUCTURES~

SO + AUX + PERSON (SO DO I, SO DID WE)

PERSON + AUX + TOO (I DO TOO, WE DID TOO)

PERSON + NEG. AUX + EITHER ( I CAN'T EITHER, I HAVEN'T EITHER)

NEITHER + AUX + PERSON (NEITHER AM I, NEITHER DID I)

Unit 1

• Make / Do

-Make: to talk about something you create using you hands (fisical action)

·     -- She made a cake for me

·     -- He makes bird houses

-Do: an action you do not mention by name mostly mental work (brain)

·      I do my homework everyday

·      I often do the shooping on the weekend

• Present perfect + yet/just/already

-Just: a short time

·      She’s just woken up

·      No I’ve just had money

-Already: before you expected (finished)

·      It has already started

·      He’s already arrive

-Yet : is used in negative sentences, questions and in actions that are not finish

·      No he hasn’t arrived yet

·      Don’t worry it hasn’t arrived yet

----Present perfect progessive 

- describes an action that began in the past, continues in the present and may continue in the future (started in the past and is continuing 

- this is often used with since/for

..... Shun has been sleeping all afternoon

.....I have been studing since 9 o' clock

.... I have been reading for 2 hours